نتایج جستجو برای: species topology
تعداد نتایج: 613794 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
modeling and simulation of processing plants are widely used in industry. construction of a mathematical model for a plant is a time-consuming and error-prone task. in light of extensive advancements in computer science (both hardware and software), computers are becoming a necessary instrument in industrial activities. many software tools for modeling, simulation and optimization of processing...
this research was conducted in two protect and destroy region in the middle zagros, in illam province. in order to identification of ecological species group and evaluate density of regeneration, effect of many factors such as protection, vegetation, physiographic factors, physical and chemical properties of soil in study locations were studied. to achieve these purpose number of 54 plots using...
Given a gene tree and a species tree, a coalescent history is a list of the branches of the species tree on which coalescences in the gene tree take place. Each pair consisting of a gene tree topology and a species tree topology has some number of possible coalescent histories. Here we show that, for each n>or=7, there exist a species tree topology S and a gene tree topology G not equalS, both ...
Because of the stochastic way in which lineages sort during speciation, gene trees may differ in topology from each other and from species trees. Surprisingly, assuming that genetic lineages follow a coalescent model of within-species evolution, we find that for any species tree topology with five or more species, there exist branch lengths for which gene tree discordance is so common that the ...
the community dynamics of aquatic coleoptera(insecta)in one of the spring-stream habitats of bammo national park in fars province called cheshmeh-ye-ghanbari is studied as a pilot project and model for acquaintance with and furthering the biodiversity studies on fauna of iran. sixteen species-populations out of nineteen of this community were already identified for their taxonomy and for thei...
Modeling and simulation of processing plants are widely used in industry. Construction of a mathematical model for a plant is a time-consuming and error-prone task. In light of extensive advancements in computer science (both hardware and software), computers are becoming a necessary instrument in industrial activities. Many software tools for modeling, simulation and optimization of proces...
In this study molecular identification of four species of Gastropoda have been studied based on mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA in the present work for the first time in the northern rocky coastal zones of Persian Gulf during years 2013 and 2014. Planaxis sulcatus، Cerithidea cingulata، Siphonaria savignyi and Onchidium peronii Identified. After morphological identification, DNA extractio...
Consensus methods provide a useful strategy for summarizing information from a collection of gene trees. An important application of consensus methods is to combine gene trees to estimate a species tree. To investigate the theoretical properties of consensus trees that would be obtained from large numbers of loci evolving according to a basic evolutionary model, we construct consensus trees fro...
A labeled gene tree topology that disagrees with a labeled species tree topology is said to be anomalous if it is more probable under a coalescent model for gene lineage evolution than the labeled gene tree topology that matches the species tree. It has previously been shown that as a consequence of short internal branches of the species tree, for every labeled species tree topology with five o...
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